What is Pterygium?

Pterygium is an abnormal vascularized tissue growth that occurs in the white part of the eye (mostly in the inner section) adjacent to the cornea (the colored part of the eye). It is the most common eye condition after cataracts.

Pterygium is the mildest eye complication caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. The exact cause of this condition is still unknown. However, risk factors include prolonged exposure to sunny, dusty, and windy environments.

Farmers, fishermen, and people living near the equator are more likely to develop pterygium. It is very rare in children.

In its early stages, when the lesion is small and has not spread over the cornea, symptoms are mild. However, over time, it can cause itching, burning, and redness of the eye. In more advanced cases, pterygium can lead to blurred vision. Additionally, in individuals who use prescription or colored contact lenses, pterygium can cause discomfort by making the lens less stable on the eye.

Treatment of Pterygium

If the pterygium becomes red and inflamed, anti-inflammatory eye drops and ointments can be used to reduce inflammation.

Surgical treatment is considered in the following cases:

1. The pterygium has grown so large that it obstructs vision.
2. It has caused significant astigmatism due to corneal growth.
3. It presents an unpleasant cosmetic appearance.

Despite successful surgery, pterygium may recur, especially in young individuals. In some cases, radiation therapy, specific medications during surgery, or conjunctival grafting from a healthy part of the eye may be used to prevent recurrence. Wearing sunglasses to protect the eyes from excessive UV rays, avoiding dryness, and shielding the eyes from dust can also be beneficial.

Regular use of artificial tears helps relieve symptoms.

Post-Surgical Care for Pterygium

1. Regular use of prescribed eye drops is essential. Maintain a 5-minute interval between different drops.
2. Avoid touching or rubbing the eye in the first few days after surgery.
3. Refrain from bathing or getting water in the eye for one week. For religious practices such as ablution, use clean sand for dry ablution (Tayammum).

Important Note:
Eye drops and ointments must be discarded one month after opening. If the tip of the dropper or ointment tube touches any surface, discard it immediately to prevent eye infections.

How to Apply Eye Ointment:

• Wash your hands thoroughly and ensure the tube does not touch any surface.
• Tilt your head back and hold the tube with one hand.
• Use the other hand to pull down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket.
• Bring the tube close to the pocket and apply the prescribed amount of ointment from the inner to the outer corner of the eye.
• Close your eyes for two minutes and gently wipe off excess ointment with a tissue.
• Securely close the tube without touching its tip.

How to Apply Eye Drops:

1. Wash your hands before use.
2. Ensure the dropper does not touch your hands or any surface.
3. Look upward.
4. Gently pull down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket.
5. Hold the dropper close to the pocket without touching the eye and apply one drop. (The eye can hold only one drop at a time.)
6. Close your eyes for two minutes without squeezing them too tightly.
7. Use a tissue to wipe away excess liquid from around the eye.
8. If multiple types of drops are prescribed, wait at least 5 to 10 minutes between applications. Always apply artificial tears last.

Important Note:
Discard eye drops and ointments one month after opening. If the dropper or tube touches any surface, discard it immediately to prevent infections. If you experience discomfort after using any medication, contact your ophthalmologist immediately. Report any allergic reactions such as itching, swelling, or redness to your doctor.

Wishing you a speedy recovery,
Farvardin Surgery Center